Great Barrier Reef Pictures

The Ship Of The Cargo - 1063 Words

The vessel was traveling outside normal shipping lanes in an attempt to avoid ice. Within six hours of the grounding, the Exxon Valdez spilled approximately 10.9 million gallons of its 53 million gallon cargo of Prudhoe Bay crude oil. The article states that the vessel encounter icebergs in the shipping lanes caused the decision of leaving the shipping lanes. However, it is unknown why the orders of returning to the shipping lanes at a certain point where not followed. However, five probable causes have been established for the reasons of the spill. One, the third mate failed to maneuver the vessel correctly, possibly due to fatigue and excessive workload. Second, the master did not provide a proper navigation watch, possibly due to†¦show more content†¦From using, a different method to determine the speed at which the oil spill ran I also found that the oil did not migrate linearly from the spill site in terms of distance as a function of time. I concluded that there was a non-linearity between day 19 and day 38. This non-linearity could be caused by the change in the current movement in the Gulf of Alaska. Part 3-Design and Methodology: For finding how fast, the oil moves down the Gulf of Alaska I first found a quick and imprecise rate of 8.39 miles/day by dividing 470 miles by 56 days. I knew this was not an exact number, but it gave me somewhere to start. I then turn to excel to find a more precise rate. I used the days as my y-axis and the miles the oil migrated as my x-axis. From creating a graph, I was able to find from the regression equation that the oil moves at a rate of 7.69 miles/day. The non-linearity that I found in the data shows that the gap happens between day 19 and day 28. In this gap, I found that the oil spill slowed down to about 1.58 miles/day. I calculated the regression of the first gap from day 4 to day 19 and found that the oil spill moved at a rate of 13.09 miles/day. Then I did the same for the upper half of the break and found that the oil spill runs 10.55 miles/day from day 38 to day 56. Seeing these calculations proved to me the non-linearity of the migration of the oil. Part 4 Results and Findings: From my calculations, I found that the oil movedShow MoreRelatedRecommendation for Tasco Essay761 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship. Buy a cargo ship that named TASCO. TASCO does not owned any one of the cargo ship which make themselves suffer from the disruption of sea freight service during Japan tsunami in 2011 because they are using the NYK’s cargo ship from Japan. Sharing the same cargo ship with foreign logistic company is gaining some cost advantage but at the same time it may occurred some problem or delay from the uncertainties event. Thus, we suggested that TASCO should buy, at least a cargo ship for the use toRead MoreOverview of Ship Vetting1864 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Ship vetting Vetting implies a procedural scrutiny of an item, in order to warrant its suitability for a particular situation. Reliable sources approximate that over 90% of world trade requires ship conveyance. This emphasizes the need for ship safety and security during conveyance, hence the ship vetting. Ship vetting involves a process whereby charterers (hiring companies) and terminal operators evaluate a cargo ship, in a bid to avoid hiring a substandard vessel during sea transportation. ThisRead MoreHow New Technology Impacts on Dry Bulk Terminals1461 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology era has developed trade competition and high productivity levels. Essay A port is a harbour that has been developed of dock walls, quays, terminals and other offshore equipment, in order to facilitate the docking of ships and many different types of cargo. A port is the gateway to marine global trade, over the years marine transportation has been the most efficient means of transporting goods. Dry Bulk Terminal refers to goods that are handled in large quantities that are unpackagedRead MoreNew Generation Of Ships For The Merchant Marine1679 Words   |  7 Pageswas known for her final years of service, was in fact a significant ship in maritime history. She was one of the last American-built passenger ships and steamships, able to survive years of obscurity and the bankruptcy of two owners to have a long career. Starting her life as Santa Rosa, her story began as part of the United States Government’s post-World War II initiatives to encourage development of a new generation of ships for the merchant marine. A beneficiary of these efforts, in 1954 GraceRead MoreThe Classification Society: A Major Step in Establishing the Shipping and Ship Making Industry1778 Words   |  7 Pagesestablishing the shipping and ship making industry is the introduction of classification societies. Organizations have been established to determine and subscribe technical standards into the process of designing, constructing and surveying of marine associated facilities such as the docks and ships. The classification societies were established first in London in early 18th century with the role of carrying conducting independent inspections on the equipment of ships to be insured (Mansell, 2009)Read MoreThe Case Of Calculation And Distribution Of Awards And Special Compensation1407 Words   |  6 Pagesperil both present and future. In the instant case, the cargo owners contended that ship was in perfect safety condition when it reached Aden to United Kingdom. The court held that irrespective of the fact that ship and cargo were in physical safety but the services rendered still amounted to salvage services. The reason given by the court was that the master of a damaged ship is under a duty to do his best in order to save the ship and cargo and bring them to their destination incurring minimum extraRead MoreU.s. Maritime Strategic Operations1696 Words   |  7 Pagescontributor to these missions. Several commands in the United States Navy operate in overseas outside of Continental United States (CONUS). These are the different platforms of naval ships such as: Destroyers (DDG), Mine Counter Measure (MCM), Landing Helicopter Dock (LHD), landing Platform Dock (LPD), Dock Landing Ship (LSD), Military Sealift Command (MSC), Explosive Ordnance Disposal Mobile Unit, Undersea Surveillance Detachment, Expeditionary Strike Group, and other tenant commands. Several basesRead MoreThe Intermodal Shipping Container is a large steel box that was created to transport goods by900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Intermodal Shipping Container is a large steel box that was created to transport goods by train, truck, or ship for around the last 50 years. The pioneer of this revolutionizing box goes is a man by the name of Malcom McLean who began his transportation interest with his trucking company (McLean Trucking) that he built into one of the nation’s largest. From there, he developed the steel container in 1956, which replaced the previous loading and unloading method known as the â€Å"Break Bulk MethodRead MoreExplain The Panama Canal Modernization1622 Words   |  7 Pagesallow larger ships to sail through. After the expansion, it will be able to accommodate vessels of up to 14,000 TEUs in size, up from the 5,000 TEUs it can currently handle. 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Effect of Lipid Treatment

Question: Discuss about the Effect of Lipid Treatment. Answer: Introduction: Lipid treatment has a great effect on the HT- 29, HCT 116 and Caco-2 epithelial cells. The lipid treatments may include the palmitic acids, Omega 3 and Oleic acid. The short chain fatty acids such as acetate, butyrate and propionate are the major metabolic products of the anaerobic bacteria fermentation, which takes place in intestine. It acts as the fuel of the intestinal epithelial cells. In view of Asarat et al. (2015), propionic acid refers to the three carbon short chain fatty acid. This has various effects on the colonic functions. SCFA can modify effects of lipid induced epithelial cells either lonely or as a mixture. Different concentration of SCFA affects the intestinal epithelial cells. In this context, the roles of lipid and SCFA are discussed. The assignment focuses on the various effects of lipid treatment on body and the pathways signaling of different lipid activation. In the literature review section, various aspects of the lipid treatment are discussed. Ramakers et al. (2007) mentioned that the treatment of lipids has various effects on the HT- 29, HCT 116 and Caco-2 epithelial cells. The short chain fatty acids include the acetate, butyrate and propionate. These have significant role on the physiological function of the colonocytes and epithelial cells. Sukhotnik et al. (2008) stated that SCFA are co cultured with normal intestinal epithelial or the adenocarcinoma derived. On the other hand, Sun et al. (2017) opined that Omega 3 PUFA have inflammatory property, which have different mechanism. However, in the patients with the bowel disease, the transcription factors (NF-kB) and the intercellular expression are involved in the recruitment of leukocytes. This happens to the side of the increased inflammation. The palmitic acid has affects on the early intestinal adaptation incase of rats, who suffer from short bowel syndrome (Beyaz et al. 2016). The gut bacteria metabolize the short chain fatty acid. On the other hand, as mentioned by Sukhotnik et al. (2008), propionic acid may have effects on the intestinal mucosal wall function. It needs to be mentioned that this barrier functions are rare during the pre weaning. HCT29 and HCT116 are the two human colon epithelial cells. These cells are lined with the FFA4. Vinolo et al. (2011) opined that omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is known as the essential fatty acid that is not absorbed in the human body. In a study, Tang et al. (2011) showed that FFA4 identification as the GPCR for the ling chain PUFAs and FFA4 are reported, which is involved in fatty acid stimulation. The involvement helps to release the cholecystokinin and glucagon like peptide 1. Eicosapentaenoic acid has effects on the expression of the Caco-2 enterocytes as well as the oleic acid (Xia et al. 2017). Investigate how SCFA (butyrate, acetate and propionate) either as mixture or alone can modify the effect of lipid induced epithelial cells alterations. Also, the effects of different concentrations of SCFAs on viability, proliferation and apoptosis responses in intestinal epithelial cell. The human epithelial cells can contribute to the regulation of the intestinal immune response through various ways like various immune factors production and inflammation. The immune factors production includes the interleukin (IL8) that acts as the chemoattractant for the neutrophils (Zhang et al. 2016). SCFA has effects on the IECs viability and IL-8 in vitro production. SCFA can be co-cultured with the normal intestinal epithelial or it can be co-cultured with the adenocarcinoma derived. Cell proliferation, viability and production of the IL8 and the expression of the IL mRNA can be determined in cell cultures. This can show that 20 mM of the SCFA was the non-cytotoxic and the growth was enhanced (Mobraten et al. 2013). On the other hand, the HT29 growth was inhibited. The SCFAs regulated the LPS stimulated IL 8 secretion. This happens with the various response patterns. However, no positive effects are seen on IL 8 release from the non LPS stimulated cells. Ramakers et al. (2007) mentioned that the SCFA has effects on the LPS stimulated IL 8 release with the mRNA expression of IL 8. This can explain the anti carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory mechanism of the SCFAs. The fatty acyl co-A contains short chain fatty acid, which can diffuse via the inner mitochondrial membrane (Asarat et al. 2015). The short chain fatty acid activation and the membrane transport is done by the binding to the coenzyme A. when the acetyl CoA enters into the citric acid cycle with the molecule of oxaloacetate, succinyl coA enters as well as the principle (Tan et al. 2014). It is a catabolic process, in which the short chain fatty acids break down. In case of SCFA synthesis lipid metabolism plays significant role. Discuss what the lipids and SCFAs activate in the cells. What pathways signaling are activated (PPAR delta, PPAR gamma, wnt - catenin genes, GPR). Use diagrams to explain them more. Den Besten et al. (2013) mentioned that the GRP is a glycosylated, G-protein and transmembrane that coupled the receptors to activate the phospholipase C signaling pathway. The receptor is expressed in the numerous cancers such as lung, prostate and colon cancer. However, GRP is a protein-coding gene that activates the ligands of gastrin-releasing peptide (Sun et al. 2017). The function of the pathway is to help in the breathing properly. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma is a member of nuclear receptor. PPAR- activators are the diverse group of the agents, which ranges from the endogenous fatty acids. PPAR gamma binds with the retinoid X receptor and signal antiproliferative antiangiogenic pathways (Koh et al. 2016). The Wnt pathway causes the accumulation of the catenin in cytoplasm. Kasubuchi et al. (2015) stated that the nucleus acts as the transcriptional coactivator that belongs to either TCF or LEF family. This pathway plays significant role in the mutation, which leads type 2 diabetes, breast and prostate cancer and giloblastoma. In view of Kasubuchi et al. (2015), PPAR- ? function as the integrator of the transcription repression as well as the nuclear receptor signaling. This mainly activates the transcription of the various genes that binds to the specific DNA substances. The target genes include ANGPTL4, CD36 and PDK4. These expressions of genes help to elevate the colorectal cancer cells. APC can repress the elevated expression that is involved in the PPAR- ? signaling pathway (Beyaz et al. 2016). Lipid lowered drug targets the PPAR- ?. In case of obesity, PPAR- ? plays significant role to regulate the metabolic dysfunction and reduce the health issues regarding obesity. Mentioned the additional questions that remaining to be explored in this area, what is still unknown about this topic. There are several facts that are unknown to be explored in this context. Based on the above discussion, it can be concluded that sodium Butyrate helps to treat the HCT- 116 and the HT- 29 cells with the indicated concentration. From the findings, it can be highlighted that PPAR- ?, which is diet modulated can alter the function of the intestinal stem as well as the progenitor cell function. However, the DHA, AA and EPA elicit similar signaling events (Tang et al. 2011). SCFA are co cultured with normal intestinal epithelial or the adenocarcinoma derived. With the various kinetics and the efficiency via GRP120 in the Caco- 2 cells are also elicited. This will help to understand the dietary PUFAs, which influence the inflammatory processes relevant to decline the PUFAs effect in treatment of IBD. The effects of the Caco- 2 dees not affect the PPAR activation (Sukhotnik et al. 2008). Early exposure to the high palmitic acid both accelerates and augments the structural bowel adaptation in the rat model of the SBS. The responsible factors are the lowered cell apoptosis and the increased cell proliferation. HFD affects the progenitor cells and PPAR- ? pharmacological activation. SCFA has effects on the LPS stimulated IL 8 release with the mRNA expression of IL 8. Non stimulated ICAM- 1expression and the cytokine can stimulate the Caco- 2 cells that is cultured for twenty two days with the arachidonic acid. References: Asarat, M., Vasiljevic, T., Apostolopoulos, V. and Donkor, O., 2015. Short-chain fatty acids regulate secretion of IL-8 from human intestinal epithelial cell lines in vitro. Immunological investigations, 44(7), pp.678-693. Bentley?Hewitt, K.L., De Guzman, C.E., Ansell, J., Mandimika, T., Narbad, A. and Lund, E.K., 2014. Polyunsaturated fatty acids modify expression of TGF? in a co?culture model ultilising human colorectal cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to Lactobacillus gasseri, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology,116(5), pp.505-513. Beyaz, S., Mana, M.D., Roper, J., Kedrin, D., Saadatpour, A., Hong, S.J., Bauer-Rowe, K.E., Xifaras, M.E., Akkad, A., Arias, E. and Pinello, L., 2016. High-fat diet enhances stemness and tumorigenicity of intestinal progenitors. Nature, 531(7592), pp.53-58. Den Besten, G., van Eunen, K., Groen, A.K., Venema, K., Reijngoud, D.J. and Bakker, B.M., 2013. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism.Journal of lipid research,54(9), pp.2325-2340. Kasubuchi, M., Hasegawa, S., Hiramatsu, T., Ichimura, A. and Kimura, I., 2015. Dietary gut microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, and host metabolic regulation.Nutrients,7(4), pp.2839-2849. Koh, A., De Vadder, F., Kovatcheva-Datchary, P. and Bckhed, F., 2016. From dietary fiber to host physiology: short-chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites.Cell,165(6), pp.1332-1345. Lou, H., Lu, J., Choi, E.B., Oh, M.H., Jeong, M., Barmettler, S., Zhu, Z. and Zheng, T., 2017. Expression of IL-22 in the skin causes Th2-biased immunity, epidermal barrier dysfunction, and pruritus via stimulating epithelial Th2 cytokines and the GRP pathway.The Journal of Immunology,198(7), pp.2543-2555. Mobraten, K., Haug, T.M., Kleiveland, C.R. and Lea, T., 2013. Omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs induce the same GPR120-mediated signalling events, but with different kinetics and intensity in Caco-2 cells. Lipids in health and disease, 12(1), p.101. Nagaraj, A.B., Joseph, P., Kovalenko, O., Singh, S., Armstrong, A., Redline, R., Resnick, K., Zanotti, K., Waggoner, S. and DiFeo, A., 2015. Critical role of Wnt/-catenin signaling in driving epithelial ovarian cancer platinum resistance.Oncotarget,6(27), p.23720. Ramakers, J.D., Mensink, R.P., Schaart, G. and Plat, J., 2007. Arachidonic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and oleic acid activates NF-B and elevates ICAM-1 expression in Caco-2 cells. Lipids, 42(8), pp.687-698. Sukhotnik, I., Hayari, L., Bashenko, Y., Chemodanov, E., Mogilner, J., Shamir, R., Yosef, F.B., Shaoul, R. and Coran, A.G., 2008. Dietary palmitic acid modulates intestinal re-growth after massive small bowel resection in a rat. Pediatric surgery international, 24(12), p.1313. Sun, M., Wu, W., Liu, Z. and Cong, Y., 2017. Microbiota metabolite short chain fatty acids, GPCR, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Journal of Gastroenterology, 52(1), pp.1-8. Tan, J., McKenzie, C., Potamitis, M., Thorburn, A.N., Mackay, C.R. and Macia, L., 2014. The role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease.Adv Immunol,121(91), p.e119. Tang, Y., Chen, Y., Jiang, H., Robbins, G.T. and Nie, D., 2011. G?protein?coupled receptor for short?chain fatty acids suppresses colon cancer. International journal of cancer, 128(4), pp.847-856. Vinolo, M.A., Rodrigues, H.G., Nachbar, R.T. and Curi, R., 2011. Regulation of inflammation by short chain fatty acids. Nutrients, 3(10), pp.858-876. Wei, J., Li, Z. and Yuan, F., 2014. Evodiamine might inhibit TGF?beta1?induced epithelialmesenchymal transition in NRK52E cells via Smad and PPAR?gamma pathway.Cell biology international,38(7), pp.875-880. Xia, Z., Han, Y., Wang, K., Guo, S., Wu, D., Huang, X., Li, Z. and Zhu, L., 2017. Oral administration of propionic acid during lactation enhances the colonic barrier function. Lipids in Health and Disease, 16(1), p.62. Zhang, J., Yi, M., Zha, L., Chen, S., Li, Z., Li, C., Gong, M., Deng, H., Chu, X., Chen, J. and Zhang, Z., 2016. Sodium butyrate induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in colorectal cells: implications for apoptosis. PloS one, 11(1), p.e0147218.

Julius Caesar Brutus Is A Honorable Man Essays - Junii,

Julius Caesar: Brutus Is A Honorable Man In Shakespeare's play of "Caesar" Brutus is a conspirator who portrays a person who favors a republic for Rome. Brutus is an honorable man. Many characters in the play show there reverence for Brutus. Brutus exemplifies his honor in many ways. Brutus is obsequious when he is needed to abet his fellow romans. Brutus is an honorable man. "Am I entreated to Speak and Strike? O Rome I make thee promise, If the redress will follow, then receivest thy full petition at the hand of Brutus" (Shakespeare 397). Brutus will obey to whatever the romans convey to him. Consequently, Brutus joins the conspiracy inorder to help the romans rid rome of Caesar. Brutus also understands that he is putting it all on the line for his romans, therefore Brutus is an honorable man. Brutus is a scrupulous man, whose virtues endure. "No not an oath, If not by the face of men, the sufferance of our souls, the time's abuse-If these motives be weak, break off betimes, and every men hence to his idle bed; So let high sighted tyranny rage on, till each man drop by lottery" (Shakespeare 399). Brutus said that if the conspirators do not join for a common cause, then there is no need for an oath because the conspirators are self-righteous, and they are serving the romans. If the conspirators don't bind together, then each man will go his own way, become a weakling, and die when it suits the tyrants caprice. Brutus is advocates peace, freedom and liberty, for all romans, which shows that Brutus is an altruistic as well as an honorable man. Brutus also had a compassion for Caesar when he had killed Caesar. "If then that a friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more" (Shakespeare 421). Brutus had honored Caesar but Brutus felt that Caesar was to ambitious. Brutus also felt that Caesar made the romans as slaves. Therefore, Brutus is an honorable man. Brutus is a noble man who was revered by many. Brutus had joined the conspiracy because he had the desire to help the commoners. He was a follower of idealism, where the romans would possess peace, liberty and freedom. Brutus wanted the kill Caesar, because he believed that all of the people of Rome would eventually be slaves, thus Brutus resorted to the assassination if Caesar. Brutus is a honorable man.

Who I Am. free essay sample

Standing at 6’4† and weighing 240 pounds I stand in front of the crowd, sweating under the heavy beam of lights, and all eyes are focused on me. On the inside I’m nervous, but I stay cool, calm, and collective as I continue to perform under pressure. Yes, of course I’m talking about acting. Through my first two years of high school I was always known as a jock. The big kid that people mistook for a senior, shorter kids were intimidated by, and football and basketball coaches salivated over. For those two years, I fit the stereotype. I always wore my football jersey on game days and dressed up for away basketball games. I let my size define the type of person I was going to be in high school. I thought I was stuck being a jock because that was how the entire school viewed me. However, that all changed during sophomore year when I had signed up for Theatre 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Who I Am. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I had always known I liked performing on stage since I acted in a couple of plays in middle school. Being able to make audience members experience emotions because of a performance I give is one of the greatest feelings in the world. My theatre teacher gave me the opportunity sophomore year to take part in the school play. Unfortunately because of scheduling difficulties and actors having to drop out of the show, the show had to be cancelled. Even though we were not able to perform it on stage I was able to go through the rehearsal process for about 4 weeks. Experiencing the stress of memorizing lines, blocking the script, and losing a voice for about two days made me realize the love I have for acting. After that experience I knew that acting was the one thing I wanted to pursue in my life. I quit football, much to the coach’s dismay, and focused solely on theatre and played basketball just for fun. It was then when I learned that my physical appearance does not define who I am.

Weapons and Arrest Authority of U.S. Federal Agencies

Weapons and Arrest Authority of U.S. Federal Agencies More than a few eyebrows were raised in 2010 when the U.S. Department of Agriculture bought 85 fully automatic submachine guns. However, the USDAÂ  is just one of 73 federal government agencies employing full-time law enforcement officers who are authorized to carry firearms and make arrests in the United States. Brief Overview According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics latest (2008) Census of Federal Law Enforcement Officers, the combined federal government agencies employ about 120,000 full-time law enforcement officers who are authorized to carry firearms and make arrests. That is roughly the equivalent of 40 officers per 100,000 U.S. residents. By comparison, there is one member of the U.S. Congress per 700,000 residents. Federal Law Enforcement Officers are authorized by law to perform four specific functions: conduct criminal investigations, execute search warrants, make arrests, and carry firearms.From 2004 to 2008, the number of federal law enforcement officers with arrest and firearms authority grew by 14% or about 15,000 officers. The federal agencies also employ nearly 1,600 officers in the U.S. territories, primarily in Puerto Rico. The Census of Federal Law Enforcement Officers does not include data on officers in the U.S. Armed Forces, or the Central Intelligence Agency and the Transportation Security Administrations Federal Air Marshals Service, due to national security restrictions.The number of Federal Law Enforcement Officers has increased rapidly in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Since the 9/11/2001 attacks, the ranks of Federal Law Enforcement Officers grew from about 88,000 in 2000, to about 120,000 in 2008. Front Line Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Excluding 33 Offices of Inspectors General, 24 federal agencies each employed more than 250 full-time personnel with firearm and arrest authority in 2008. Indeed, law enforcement is the main function of most of these agencies. Few people would be surprised to see field agents of the Border Patrol, FBI, U.S. Marshals Service or the Secret Service carrying guns and making arrests. The complete list includes: U.S. Customs and Border Protection (36,863 officers)Federal Bureau of Prisons (16,835)Federal Bureau of Investigation (12,760)U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (12,446)U.S. Secret Service (5,213)Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (4,696)Drug Enforcement Administration (4,308)U.S. Marshals Service (3,313)Veterans Health Administration (3,128)Internal Revenue Service, Criminal Investigation (2,636)Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (2,541)U.S. Postal Inspection Service (2,288)U.S. Capitol Police (1,637)National Park Service - Rangers (1,404)Bureau of Diplomatic Security (1,049)Pentagon Force Protection Agency (725)U.S. Forest Service (644)U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (598)National Park Service - U.S. Park Police (547)National Nuclear Security Administration (363)U.S. Mint Police (316)Amtrak Police (305)Bureau of Indian Affairs (277)Bureau of Land Management (255) From 2004 to 2008, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) added more than 9,000 officers, the largest increase at any federal agency. A majority of the CBP increase occurred in the Border Patrol, which added more than 6,400 officers during the 4-year period.Officers of the Veterans Health Administration need arrest and firearms authority because they provide law enforcement and protective services for over 150 VA medical centers located nationwide.At the Cabinet department level, component agencies of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), including U.S. Customs and Border Protection, employed about 55,000 officers or 46% of all federal officers with arrest and firearms authority in 2008. Agencies of the Department of Justice (DOJ) employed 33.1% of all officers, followed by other executive branch agencies (12.3%), the judicial branch (4.0%), the independent agencies (3.6%) and the legislative branch (1.5%).Within the legislative branch, the U.S. Capitol Police (USCP) employed 1,637 officers to provide police services for the U.S. Capitol grounds and buildings. With full law enforcement authority in the area immediately surrounding the Capitol complex, the USCP is the largest federal law enforcement agency operating wholly within the nations capital.The largest employer of federal officers outside of the executive branch was the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AOUSC). The AOUSC employed 4,696 probation officers with arrest and firearm authority in its Federal Corrections and Supervision Division in 2008. The Not-So-Obvious Federal Law Enforcement Agencies In 2008, another 16 federal agencies not so typically associated with police powers employed fewer than 250 full-time personnel with firearm and arrest authority. These included: Bureau of Engraving and Printing (207 officers)Environmental Protection Agency (202)Food and Drug Administration (183)National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (149)Tennessee Valley Authority (145)Federal Reserve Board (141)U.S. Supreme Court (139)Bureau of Industry and Security (103)National Institutes of Health (94)Library of Congress (85)*Federal Emergency Management Agency (84)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (62)Government Printing Office (41)National Institute of Standards Technology (28)Smithsonian National Zoological Park (26)Bureau of Reclamation (21) * The Library of Congress Police ceased operation in 2009 when its duties were assumed by the U.S. Capitol Police.Most of the officers employed by these agencies are assigned to provide security and protective services at the agencys buildings and grounds. Officers employed by the Federal Reserve Board of Governors provide security and protective services only at the Boards Washington, D.C. headquarters. Officers serving at the various Federal Reserve banks and branches are hired by the individual banks and were not counted in the Census of Federal Law Enforcement Officers. And the Inspectors General Finally, 33 of the 69 federal Offices of Inspectors General (OIG), including the Department of Educations OIG, employed a total of 3,501 criminal investigators with firearms and arrest authority in 2008. These 33 Offices of Inspectors General represent all 15 Cabinet-level departments, as well as 18 other federal agencies, boards and commissions.Among other duties, officers of the Offices of Inspectors General often investigate cases of improper, wasteful or illegal activities, including theft, fraud and wrongful use of public funds.For example, OIG officers recently investigated the General Services Administrations outrageous $800,000 team-building meeting in Las Vegas, and a series of scams being perpetrated against Social Security recipients. Are These Officers Trained? Along with training they may have received in the military or other law enforcement agencies, most federal law enforcement officers are required to complete training at one of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) facilities. In addition to training in basic to advanced law enforcement, criminology, and tactical driving, FLETCs Firearms Division provides intensive training in the safe handling and justifiable use of firearms.

Ethnographic Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnographic Study - Essay Example But one word from her will silence him forever, and he will never bother her again. If, however, her feelings have changed, he has to tell her that she has bewitched him body and soul and he loves her. Lizzie comes forward, just as the sun was rising, and catches Darcy's hand in hers. She kisses it and tells him, your hands are cold. And they slowly bent their heads forward, touching each other's mind. The next part is Jane pacing the front of the door of her father's study. It opens and Darcy went outside, Lizzie rushes forward, without looking at Darcy. Then, as she was asked by her father to close the door, she turns back, gives Darcy a smile full of love, her heart on her eyes, as she slowly took her time to do her father's wish. Inside the study, Mr. Bennet asks Lizzie if she has lost her mind, as he thought Lizzie to despise the man. Lizzie denies the allegation. Mr. Bennet states that Lizzie will have more fine carriages than Jane, and if by being rich will make her happy Lizzie asks him if he has no objections than her indifference with Mr. Darcy, Mr. Bennet says none at all. He then added that Darcy is a proud unpleasant sort or fellow but that it would be nothing if she liked him. Lizzie states that she does. Her father nodded. Until she added that she loves him. Her father was surprised and Lizzie states that of all of them, she was the one who has mistaken him; who has judged him, that he is not a proud fellow. She also added that Mr. Bennet doesn't know him, doesn't know what he's done. Mr. Bennet then asked Lizzie what Mr. Darcy has done, and the scene cuts off to show Mr. Darcy pacing the courtyard, as Mrs. Bennet and Jane was looking out the window to him, telling each other the impossibilities of the situation as they thought that Lizzie disliked the man immensely. Then Jane stated that they must be wrong about Lizzie's true feelings, and Mrs. Bennet states that it isn't the first time, and Jane laughingly said, "No, it isn't. And it certainly isn't the last." While in the study, Mr. Bennet takes the full blow of Lizzie's confession about Darcy. He realizes the grave debt that he has now owed to the man. He wanted to pay Darcy, but Lizzie declined, stating that nobody must know, and that Darcy wouldn't like it. Lizzie then says that they have misjudged him in every way; that they are so much alike, both of them are fools as well as stubborn. And with this admission, Mr. Bennet burst out laughing, saying that Lizzie does love the man. So he heartily gave his consent. Lizzie hugs her father, saying thank you. The first cultural aspect shown in the scene was the apology for the behaviour of Darcy's aunt the previous night. This was to ensure that Lizzie knows that Darcy was against his aunts' actions and that he is sorry for the hurt it may have caused her. In this part, common courtesy was present, even in the early 19th century, where this movie was set, courtesy and respect are two most important factors for the titled and important people; even for the lower ones. Even up to now, common courtesy is still practiced as it is known to be the upbringing of a person's life since childhood. It is a brand and a name and it places people into a bracket of identity. Common courtesy also calls that Lizzie declines the apology, as she knows that